Duplicate content
Definition
Duplicate content is substantially identical or very similar content that appears at more than one URL, on one site or across several. Search engines usually choose one version to show and fold the others away, which can leave an unintended page ranking.
Most duplication is accidental. Tracking parameters, sort and filter options, HTTP and HTTPS or www and non-www versions, print pages and session IDs all create extra addresses for one page. Manufacturer descriptions pasted by many retailers, and location pages with only the city name swapped, create duplication across and within sites. The usual cost is dilution: links and signals split between copies, and Google picks a version you didn't choose.
Search engines mostly handle ordinary duplication by choosing one version, not by punishing the site, which is why a duplicate content penalty is the wrong thing to fear. Deliberate copying at scale to manipulate results is a separate matter, covered by Google's spam policies. Fix accidental duplication with a canonical tag, a permanent redirect or noindex, and make internal links point to the preferred address.
An Arabic page and its English twin are not duplicates when each is written in its own language, and hreflang tells Google they belong together. A machine-translated mirror of an English page, published to fill out an Arabic section, is a different problem, closer to thin content than to duplication. For online stores, rewrite the manufacturer's description for your own customers, covering delivery, sizing and use in the UAE.
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